Iron Deficiency – What It Is and How to Prevent It

Iron is a mineral that plays a major role in the body to support optimal health. A few of the major physiological benefits of iron include: 

• Production of blood
• Transportation of oxygen to organs and muscles
• Boosts immune health
• Supports cognitive function, 
• Supports metabolism 
• Promotes healthy skin, hair and nails

The body is unable to synthesize iron, which means that it must be acquired through dietary sources. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), iron deficiency anemia is the most common nutritional deficiency affecting populations across the globe. Due to the high prevalence of iron deficiency anemia, most countries have mandated that wheat flour is fortified with iron to increase dietary intake. 

How to Prevent Iron Deficiency

The Recommended Daily Allowance for iron is dependent on age. For individuals aged 19-50 years the RDA is 8 mg for men and 18 mg for women. Women who are pregnant should aim for 27 mg daily and women who are lactating should aim for 10 mg daily. For ages 51 and older, the RDA is 8 mg for men and women. The Tolerable Upper Intake, or UI for iron is 45 mg daily for anyone over the age of 14. 

The populations at greatest risk for iron deficiency include preterm infants, children, teenage girls, pregnant women and individuals with chronic disease. Symptoms associated with iron deficiency are fatigue, pallor, headache, generalized weakness, inflammation of the tongue and chest pain. It is vital to seek medical attention if you believe you may be at risk of iron deficiency or are experiencing several of the symptoms listed above. 

Iron-Rich Food Sources

It is recommended to get iron through the diet. Supplementation may be necessary with an iron deficiency diagnosis, but should be monitored by a medical professional. There is a wide variety of foods that contain iron: 

• Fortified grains and breads 
• Fortified cereals 
• Beans
• Lentils 
• Potatoes
• Dark leafy greens
• Cashews 
• Lean beef
• Chicken
• Turkey
• Tofu

Eating a balanced diet that incorporates dietary sources rich in iron can help reduce the risk of iron deficiency. Eating foods rich in vitamin C aid in iron absorption, so combining food sources rich in vitamin C with foods rich in iron is recommended. For example, a salad made with spinach, tomato, chicken, and dressed with fresh lemon juice. 

If you are struggling with getting adequate iron in your diet, please contact our office and schedule a consultation with one of our registered dietitians. 

Written by: Lexi Nazzaro, Dietetic Intern 

Sources: Material adapted from The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetic, Food & Nutrition Magazine (July/August 2019)